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Jared Sparks (May 10, 1789 – March 14, 1866) was an American historian, educator, and Unitarian minister. He served as President of Harvard College (now Harvard University) from 1849 to 1853. ==Biography== Born in Willington, Connecticut, Sparks studied in the common schools, worked for a time at the carpenter's trade, and then became a schoolteacher. In 1809–1811, he attended the Phillips Exeter Academy where he met John G. Palfrey, a lifelong friend. He graduated from Harvard College, (now Harvard University), with a (A.B. in 1815, and a A.M. in 1818). While an undergraduate, he was a member of the Hasty Pudding. In fact, he granted the Hasty Pudding their first club rooms at Harvard in Stoughton Hall 29 and 31. In 1812, he served as a tutor to the children of a family in Havre de Grace, Maryland. A few years later he taught in a private school at Lancaster, Massachusetts during 1815–1817. Sparks also studied theology and was college tutor in mathematics and natural philosophy at Harvard College in 1817–1819. In 1817–1818 he was acting editor of the ''North American Review''. He was the first pastor of the newly organized (1817), "First Independent Church of Baltimore" (in a prominent landmark structure at West Franklin Street at North Charles Street - which later became the "First Unitarian Church of Baltimore (Unitarian and Universalist)" after a 1935 merger with the Second Universalist Church at Guilford Avenue and East Lanvale Street) in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1819 to 1823, Dr. William Ellery Channing, (1780-1842), of the Federal Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts, delivering at his ordination, his famous discourse on Unitarian Christianity later known as "The Baltimore Sermon", which set out the tenets and some principles for the developing theology and philosophy of "Unitarianism". By 1825, these principles led to the founding of the religious denomination of the American Unitarian Association, and later by 1961 into the merger which created the modern Unitarian Universalist Association of America. During this period, Sparks founded the ''Unitarian Miscellany'' and ''Christian Monitor'' (1821), a monthly, and edited its first three volumes. He was also chaplain of the United States House of Representatives in the U.S. Congress at the Capitol, in Washington, D.C. from 1821 to 1823;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of the Chaplaincy, Office of the Chaplain )〕 and he contributed to the ''National Intelligencer'' and other periodicals. In 1823, his health failed and he withdrew from the ministry. Removing to Boston, he bought and edited in 1824–1830 the ''North American Review'', contributing to it about fifty articles. He founded and edited in 1830, the ''American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge'', which was continued by others and long remained a popular annual. In 1827 Sparks was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.〔(American Antiquarian Society Members Directory )〕 He later served as the society's secretary for foreign correspondence from 1846 to 1866.〔Dunbar, B. (1987). ''Members and Officers of the American Antiquarian Society''. Worcester: American Antiquarian Society.〕 After extensive researches at home and (1828–1829) in London and Paris, he published the ''Life and Writings of George Washington'' (12 volumes, 1834–1837; redated 1842), his most important work; and in 1839 he published separately the ''Life of George Washington'' (abridged, 2 volumes, 1842). The work was for the most part favorably received, but Sparks was severely criticized by Lord Mahon (in the sixth volume of his ''History of England'') and others for altering the text of some of Washington's writings. Sparks defended his methods in ''A Reply to the Strictures of Lord Mahon and Others'' (1852). The charges were not wholly justifiable, and later Lord Mahon (Stanhope) modified them. While continuing his studies abroad in 1840–1841, Sparks discovered in the French archives the red-line map, which, in 1842, came into international prominence in connection with the dispute over the north-eastern U.S.-Canadian boundary and the "Aroostook War" between the State of Maine in the United States and the Province of New Brunswick in Canada. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jared Sparks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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